[Printable A4 Sheet] The 1-Page P-Block & Inorganic High-Yield Quick Reference Sheet

1. P-Block NMC Rationalized Trend Traps Compounds Dead • Trends IN

Gr 15 Hydride B.P.: BiH3 > SbH3 > NH3 (H-Bonding) > AsH3 > PH3 (Lowest)

Gr 16 Hydride B.P.: H2O (Max H-Bonding) > H2Te > H2Se > H2S (Lowest)

Hydride Thermal Stability: Decreases down the group as M–H bond length increases: H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te.

Hydride Reducing Power: Increases down group: NH3 (none) to BiH3 (strongest); H2S < H2Te.

Electron Gain Enthalpy: Cl > F > Br > I (F has compact 2p-repulsion).

Oxoacid Basicity: Counts P–OH bonds. H3PO2 = 1 (monoprotic); H3PO3 = 2; H3PO4 = 3.

Oxoacid Reducing Power: Counts P–H bonds. H3PO2 (two P–H, strongest) > H3PO3 (one P–H).

Inert Pair Effect: Tl+ > Tl3+, Pb2+ > Pb4+, Bi3+ > Bi5+ (PbO2 is strong oxidizer).

2. D & F Block Anomaly & Colour Matrix NCERT Tables Line-by-Line

Property / Ion	Observed Value	Exact Exam Cause
Cu (E° M2+/M)	+0.34 V (Positive)	High atomization enthalpy exceeds hydration energy.
Cr2+ vs Mn3+	Cr2+ Red / Mn3+ Ox	Cr3+ is stable t2g3; Mn2+ is stable 3d5.
Zr (4d) & Hf (5d)	160 pm vs 159 pm	Lanthanoid Contraction (imperfect 4f shielding).
Sc3+, Ti4+, Zn2+	COLOURLESS	d0 or d10 (No d-d transition possible).
Ti3+ (Purple), Cu2+ (Blue)	COLORED	d-d transition (Unpaired d electrons present).
KMnO4 / K2Cr2O7	Purple / Orange	LMCT (Ligand to Metal Charge Transfer), not d-d.
KMnO4 (Acidic)	n-factor = 5	MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- -> Mn2+ + 4H2O.
K2Cr2O7 (Acidic)	n-factor = 6	Cr2O7(2-) + 14H+ + 6e- -> 2Cr3+ (Green).

3. Coordination Compounds & CFT Rules 32 Marks Engine

Spectrochemical Series: I- < Br- < SCN- < Cl- < S2- < F- < OH- < C2O4(2-) < H2O < NCS- < EDTA(4-) < NH3 < en < CN- < CO

Octahedral Splitting (Δo): d-orbitals split into lower t2g (3) and higher eg (2).

Strong Field (CN-, CO, en): Δo > P (Pairing occurs → Low Spin / Inner d2sp3).

Weak Field (Halides, H2O): Δo < P (No pairing → High Spin / Outer sp3d2).

Magnetic Moment Formula: μ = √(n(n+2)) BM. n=1 (1.73), n=2 (2.84), n=3 (3.87), n=4 (4.90), n=5 (5.92 BM).

Linkage Isomerism: Ambidentate ligands: NO2- (nitro, yellow) vs ONO- (nitrito, red); SCN- vs NCS-.

Optical Isomerism: cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]+ is chiral/optically active; trans-isomer has plane of symmetry (inactive).

4. Practical Chemistry: 6 Cation Groups New Practical Syllabus

Group & Cations	Group Reagent	Precipitate & Chemical Logic
Gr 0: NH4+	NaOH (Heat)	NH3 gas turns Nessler's reagent brown.
Gr I: Pb2+	Dilute HCl	PbCl2 (White ppt, soluble in hot water).
Gr II: Cu2+, Pb2+	H2S + dil. HCl	CuS (Black). Common Ion keeps [S2-] low for low Ksp.
Gr III: Fe3+, Al3+	NH4OH + NH4Cl	Fe(OH)3 (Red-Brown), Al(OH)3 (White Gelatinous).
Gr IV: Zn2+, Mn2+	H2S + NH4OH	ZnS (White), MnS (Buff/Flesh coloured).
Gr V: Ba2+, Ca2+	(NH4)2CO3 + NH4OH	BaCO3, CaCO3 (White ppts).
Flame Tests:	Ca2+ (Brick Red), Sr2+ (Crimson), Ba2+ (Apple Green), Cu2+ (Blue-Green).
Brown Ring:	[Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4 • Fe in +1 state • μ = 3.87 BM (3 unpaired).

NEET 2027 Inorganic Chemistry Desk Sheet